Most cleansers work through detergent surfactants, which lift oil and debris but also strip some of the skin's own lipids in the process. This one works differently, and the ingredient order tells you how: the first four ingredients are oils and esters, and water sits fifth.
Oil dissolving oil
Sebum, sunscreen, makeup and airborne particulate are largely oil-soluble, which is why water alone does not shift them. Ethylhexyl palmitate, caprylic/capric triglyceride and C12-15 alkyl benzoate are lightweight esters that dissolve those materials on contact, without needing a detergent to do it.
Why it rinses clean
An oil that only dissolved oil would leave a film. The sucrose esters, sucrose laurate, stearate and palmitate, are non-ionic surfactants derived from sugar and fatty acids. Along with methyl glucose dioleate and polysorbate 20, they let the oil phase emulsify when water is added, turning the product milky so it rinses away with what it has lifted.
That emulsification step is what separates this from a pure cleansing oil or a balm.
Why sugar esters rather than detergents
Sucrose esters are non-ionic, meaning they carry no charge. Anionic surfactants such as sulfates carry a negative charge that interacts with skin proteins and lipids, which is the mechanism behind the tight, stripped feeling after cleansing. Non-ionic surfactants interact far less, so they clean with less disruption.
The supporting cast
Bisabolol, a component of chamomile, and oat kernel extract are both included for their calming properties. Phospholipids and glycerin offset the drying effect any cleansing step has. It is a short formula and every ingredient in it is doing an identifiable job.